Rose

Genus: Rosa
english name: Rose
latin name: Rosa gallica as well as Rosa laevigata and Rosa rugosa is used for herbal remedies

Family: Rosaceae
Subamily: Rosoideae
Parts used: Petals
Properties: astringent, toning and aromatic herb
Uses
internal uses: Gallica is used for colds, bronchial infections, diarrhea, and depression; in Ayurvedic medicine for circulatory congestion and menstrual problems.
Rugosa rosa is used for stimulating the liver, menstrual pains and improving circulation.
external uses: in cosmetic it's common use the the essential oil extracted from the petals of Rosa damascena (damask rose) or Rosa centifolia. The Gallica is used for sore throats, eye irritations, and skin problems. In aromatherapy the Damask rose oil harmonizes the mind and helps in case of depression.

The Rose is a perennial flower shrub, that contains over 100 species native to Asia, to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance. In fact rose perfumes are obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. The technique comes from Persia then spread through Arabia and India. Very common is the use of Rose water, made from the rose oil, widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high Vitamin C content.

The name comes from Latin rosa, borrowed from Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrda, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda. Roses are ancient symbols of love and beauty. The rose was sacred to a number of goddesses, and is often used as a symbol of the Virgin Mary. It's is the national flower of England and the United States.

Some species of roses:
-alba rose or "white roses", the oldest roses, probably brought to Great Britain by the Romans.

-gallica roses from R. gallica,native of central and southern Europe.

-damask rose from Persia

-centifolia roses, raised in the seventeenth century in the Netherlands, are named for their "one hundred" petals

-china rose, from easter Asia, is smaller and less fragrant

-portland roses is the first crosses between China roses and European roses

-bourbon rose from Madagascar

-noisette rose, raised as a hybrid seedling by a South Carolina

-tea rose is the result of crossing two of the original China roses ('Hume's Blush China' and 'Parks' Yellow Tea Scented China') with various Bourbons and Noisette roses